Hymenodictyonorixense (Roxb.) Mabb., a deciduous tree of the Rubiaceae family, is traditionally used in Indian ethnomedicine for treating fever, ulcers, skin disorders, inflammation, and wounds. Despite its longstanding use by tribal communities, there is a significant lack of scientific documentation regarding its pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties, particularly of its bark.. This study aims to bridge this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the bark’s morphology, microscopy, organoleptic features, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical constituents. Fresh bark samples were collected from the herbal garden of Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Bangalore, and authenticated by a senior botanist. Standard techniques were used for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, including transverse sectioning and staining. Organoleptic and powder microscopy revealed diagnostic features such as fibers, tracheids, stone cells, starch granules, and pigment cells. Physicochemical tests showed high moisture content (63.34%), low bulk density (0.1 g/ml), moderate swelling index (12%), and notable alcohol (4.826%) and petroleum ether (2.12%) extractive values. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, while proteins, phenols, and fixed oils were absent or weak. These findings validate traditional uses of H. orixense and provide essential baseline data for its standardization and future pharmacological research.

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