In the branch of medicine the oral route stands as the foremost preference for drug administration, particularly when aiming for systemic effects. However, the oral route proves in adequate for delivering intended to treat lower gastrointestinal diseases as they often encounter premature release within the upper gastrointestinal tract, their has been a comprehensive and extensive analysis of colon-specific drug delivery system over the past two decades. These specialized are designed to preciously target drugs to specific sites within the colon, there by augmenting the therapeutic impact of the absorbed in contemporary medical practice, drugs are increasingly directed towards the colon via the rectal route in the recent years, has gained prominence as a means to precisely target drug delivery to colon enabling the potential for both localized and systemic drug effects in local drug delivery system we can treat bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Amoebiosis, colonic cancer. To achieve effective colon-targeted drug delivery, it is necessary to safeguard the drug from degradation, premature release, and absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and ensure precise control of its release while protecting it from degradation in the colon. This review is focused on the introduction of colon anatomy of colon micro flora and Its importance, applications of colon drug delivery system, new opportunities of colon drug delivery system, evaluation of colon drug delivery system and drug performance of anticancer drugs by colon drug delivery system.