Abstract
Developing the techniques for controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles of defined morphology and composition is an area of a great challenge. The great importance of metal nanoparticles in various fields is because of their novel applications and due to unique and distinct magnetic, electronic, optical and catalytic properties exhibited by them. Development of reliable, clean, nontoxic and eco friendly methods for nanoparticles‟ synthesis is very important, considering their biomedical applications. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles has thus promising future. Intracellular and extracellular bacterial and fungal biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been reported by many researchers. Influence of incubation conditions, irradiation, nature and concentration of compound etc., is observed and studied in details. Microbial synthesis of gold nanoparticles is also investigated with respect to the mechanism. A focussed approach of the delineation of specific genes and characterization of biosynthetic process of nanoparticles is thus envisaged. Microbial biosynthesis can produce nanoparticles with unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties as required in various industrial fields. A systematic approach towards this is thus the need of an hour. This review addressed the ecological approach for synthesizing gold nanoparticles.
