Inflammation is a complex biochemical response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, tissue damage, or irritants, and it plays a key role in both protective immune responses and the development of chronic diseases. Acute inflammation involves a rapid immune response with immune cell migration and mediator release, while chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent tissue damage and repair. The inflammatory process is regulated by various immune cells and molecular pathways, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK pathways, and transcription factors like NF-κB. In-vitro methods, including assays using macrophage cell lines and biomarker detection, are essential tools for screening anti-inflammatory compounds. Inflammation-related biomarkers, such as CRP, MPO, and oxidative stress markers, are critical in predicting cardiovascular risks. Treatment strategies range from conventional NSAIDs and corticosteroids to biologic agents and natural remedies, such as curcumin and boswellia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and developing targeted therapies is key to effectively managing inflammatory diseases.

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Please cite this article in press as N V L Suvarchala Reddy et al. A Comprehensive Review On Anti-Inflammatory Activity . Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2025:15(06).